Textbook(s)

• Instructor notes and standard references (e.g., Haykin / Lathi) as needed.

Syllabus — 5 Modules

1. Signals & Modulation Need
   Baseband vs passband, spectra, channel impairments, why modulation, taxonomy of analog schemes.
2. Amplitude Modulation
   DSB-SC, AM (DSB-LC), SSB, VSB; power efficiency, envelope detector, synchronous detection; superhet overview.
3. Angle Modulation
   FM/PM definitions, wideband/narrowband FM, Carson’s rule, generation (Varactor/Armstrong), discriminators & PLL.
4. Noise Performance
   Noise models, SNR for AM/FM, pre/de-emphasis, capture effect, noise bandwidth, figure of merit comparisons.
5. Applications & Practice
   Broadcast standards, aviation comms, link budgets, mixers/filters, constraints and transition to digital.